U.S. Agreement Expands Archaeological and Ethnological Import Restrictions

Aug. 13, 2026
By: Pietro N. Bianchi

CBP announced on August 12, 2026, import restrictions on certain archaeological and ethnological material of Nepal through January 8, 2031 (with probable extensions). The Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act (“CPIA”) grants CBP the authority to promulgate import restrictions on archaeological and ethnological materials designated in agreements between United States and another parties to the 1970 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (“UNESCO”) Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (“the Convention”).

Based on an agreement earlier this year between the U.S. and Nepal, CBP promulgated import restrictions on certain Nepalese archaeological material ranging in date from approximately 32,000 B.C.E. to 1770 C.E. and certain Nepalese ethnological material dating from approximately the 13th century C.E. to 1950 C.E. The prohibited archaeological material includes: stone materials; ceramics, faience, and fired clay; metal; plaster, stucco, and unfired clay; paintings; ivory and bone; glass; leather, parchment, birch bark, paper, and palm leaf; wood; shell and other organic material; and human remains. The prohibited ethnological material includes religious architectural elements, religious and ceremonial items, and manuscripts.

The list of prohibited materials that fall under the categories listed above is extensive. For example, ceramics, faience, and fired clay archaeological materials are subdivided into statuary and non-architectural elements, architectural elements, and vessels and containers. Vessels and containers covers utilitarian vessels, fine tableware, lamps, and special-purpose vessels for religious or ceremonial use. While the designated list in CBP’s notice is comprehensive, it is not exhaustive.

Nepal is just one of 30 plus countries that have an agreement with the U.S. to prohibit the importation of archaeological and ethnological material under the Convention. Best practice before buying any antique for your demilune is to research the article’s provenance and seek counsel on applicable laws and regulations. Maybe, that belongs in a museum! Please do not hesitate to contact an attorney at Barnes Richardson, & Colburn LLP for any questions on import, or export, restrictions.