USTR Confirms Trade Frameworks with Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam (so far)

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Oct. 27, 2025
By: Hannah B. Kreinik

U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer has confirmed details regarding various stages of trade framework agreements with Cambodia, Malayasia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The U.S. has signed trade agreements with both Cambodia and Malayasia. The USTR announced that the U.S. has trade deals with Thailand and Vietnam that will serve as a framework for agreements. The trade details for each country include (but are apparently) not limited to, the following points:

Cambodia

• Cambodia to retain 19% reciprocal tariff rate.
• Cambodia eliminates 100% tariffs on all U.S. exports.
• Cambodia will accept certain FDA regulations for medical devices and pharmaceutical goods as well as U.S. motor vehicle safety measures and emissions requirements.
• Increased Cambodian enforcement against intellectual property violations.
• Cambodian development of labor rights and enforcement measures against forced labor violations
• Cambodia has committed to increased environmental goals.

Malaysia

• Malaysia will retain a 19% reciprocal tariff rate.
• Increased market access for U.S. chemical, machinery, electrical, metal, vehicle, dairy, horticultural, agricultural, food, and fuel goods
• Malaysia will accept certain FDA regulations for medical devices and pharmaceutical goods as well as U.S. motor vehicle safety measures and emissions requirements.
• Malaysia will focus on critical mineral supply chains and rare earth mineral production development.
• Malaysia will not implement a digital service tax.
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• Malaysian development of labor rights and enforcement measures against forced labor violations
• Malaysian commitment to the Global Forum on Steel Excess Capacity

Thailand

• Thailand to retain 19% reciprocal tariff rate.
• Thailand eliminates 99% tariffs on U.S. industrial and agricultural exports.
• Thailand will accept certain FDA regulations for medical devices and pharmaceutical goods as well as U.S. motor vehicle safety measures and emissions requirements.
• Thailand will continue working with U.S. negotiators on digital service taxes and limiting U.S. foreign ownership restrictions for the Thai telecommunications industry.
• Thai development of labor rights and enforcement measures against forced labor violations
• Thailand will increase purchase of U.S. agricultural, aircraft, and energy products.

Vietnam

• Vietnam to retain 20% reciprocal tariff rate.
• Vietnam will work with U.S. to reduce tariffs on almost all U.S. exports, especially agricultural goods.
• Vietnam and U.S. will continue to discuss digital services tax and licensing for cross-border data transfers from Vietnam.
• Vietnam will commit to increased environmental safeguards.
• Vietnam and U.S. to make commercial deals on aerospace, energy, and agricultural products.

Based on present information, importers in the United States will not see significant changes based on these agreements. That being said, all of the agreements contain caveats allowing the United States to modify its treatment if “other countries” (usually read as “China”) appear to benefit from the agreements excessively. What “excessive” means in this context is open to interpretation. However, importers should be aware of rumblings regarding Chinese production in these countries.

The attorneys at Barnes, Richardson & Colburn are actively tracking trade deals and talks with key U.S. trade partners.